Resettlement Policy Of The Russian Empire : A Historical Analysis ( On The Example Of The Fergana Valley ! )

The article reveals the resettlement policy of the Russian Empire in Turkestan using the example Fergana Valley: in addition, it shows the social status of dehkans (farmers) and discontent against the colonial policy of the empire. The need for the growth of raw materials is consecrated on the basis of archival materials.


INTRODUCTION
Since the beginning of the military expansion to Central Asia the Russian Empire along with the establishment its influence in the Bukhara Emirate and Kokand the khanate pursued other goals: in particular, mastery of territories with high potential for growing cocoons and cotton, and also rich in underground minerals; transformation of colonized territories into large town for the implementation of Russian ready-made products; use of local people in the quality of cheap labor; Besides, there were also strategic reasons: (entering new borders with China and Iran, direct proximity to the Afghan The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) Published: September 30, 2020 | Pages: 561-567 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue09-84 IMPACT FACTOR 2020: 5. 525 border). In the highest political and military circles The Russian Empire was well aware that for holding in the occupied territories Central Asian colonial policy and turning them into a source of raw materials and natural agricultural wealth rely only on military force and the system of administrative management is impossible, since indigenous peoples regions were mentally prepared to defend their historical national identity and moral values from Encroachments of other states, to fight against dependence on them therefore, along with the development of the conquest Central Asia was envisaged in the first turn on preferential terms to relocate to occupied territories leading paramilitary Cossack lifestyle, then arrange here Russians and Ukrainians. Cossacks, who always had weapons (sabers, guns), and those who moved after their population should have become strong and reliable support for suppressing local riots peoples.

MAIN PART
Most of the authors of works devoted to socio-economic policy of the Russian empire in the Turkestan region, and in particular empire officials explained the need resettlement of Russians to Turkestan, allegedly in the inner provinces of excessive agricultural population resulting from the abolition serfdom system, and the need for relocating it to the norms of the territory. But given the approach is not even partially correct, because, firstly, from the Russian Empire many Cossacks and part of the Christian urban population were relocated to the previously captured Caucasus; secondly, even before abolition of serfdom, in the 50s of the XIX century following the invasion of Russian troops on the ground Kokand Khanate (Priaralye, Kazalinsk, Ak- Local aksakals were also involved in this. After the Andijan uprising the new military governor of the Fergana region, Major General Tchaikovsky, sent a report to the emperor of Russia, in which he wrote about the political situation, in particular the following: "After the riot of Ishan Mingtepa, on May 18, 1898, order was established in the region and there was no discontent. Ishan's plans did not have time to put down deep roots, and there were few unreasonable participants in this unwanted incident. The population is well aware of the humanity of the leadership and the power of the empire. However, the danger of manifestation of discontent against us remains, and therefore the Russian administration needs to strengthen control of all areas of the life of the local population.
Unfortunately, the fulfillment of such a necessary task is hampered by the small number of administrative posts in the region.
In five counties with a population of 1L million people, there are only 17 people, organizing their administrative and police control, of which only 7 people (district inspectors) live among the local population; the other 10 live in the city ... heads of volosts and rural aksakals are not sufficiently reliable and independent to perform police duties ... it is necessary to relocate as many Russians as possible who are engaged in agriculture from the inner provinces of the empire. " On the eve of World War I, on July 28, 1914, the military governor of the Fergana region, in his report to the governor-general of the region, stated, in particular, the following: "population in connection with the impending outbreak of war and the withdrawal of troops, in view of which, in order to defend the Russian population, he asks to give them weapons .... Through the fault of the Russians, the local population is outraged. The head of the Andijan district is also alarmed, knowing that the uprising you know is still alive in the Musaev N. The second half of the XIX century -the beginning of the XX century. TamKernqlconom-Finance, 2008, p. 12. (Formation of industrial production in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX -early XX century). Tashkent iqtisod-moliya, 2008, p. 48.

5.
Musaev N. The second half of the XIX century -the beginning of the XX century. TamKernqlconom-Finance, 2008, p. 12. (Formation of industrial production in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX -early XX century). Tashkent iqtisod-moliya, 2008, p. 50.

6.
Musaev N. The second half of the XIX century -the beginning of the XX century. TamKernqlconom-Finance, 2008, p. 12. (Formation of industrial production in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX -early XX century). Tashkent iqtisod-moliya, 2008, p. 54.

7.
Musaev N. The second half of the XIX century -the beginning of the XX century. TamKernqlconom-Finance, 2008, p. 12. (Formation of industrial production in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX -early XX century). Tashkent iqtisod-moliya, 2008, p. 56.

8.
Musaev N. The second half of the XIX century -the beginning of the XX century. TamKernqlconom-Finance, 2008, p. 12. (Formation of industrial production in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX -early XX century). Tashkent iqtisod-moliya, 2008, p. 60.

9.
Musaev N. The second half of the XIX century -the beginning of the XX century. TamKernqlconom-Finance, 2008, p. 12. (Formation of industrial production in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX -early XX century). Tashkent iqtisod-moliya, 2008, p. 65.